Glossary

Access Card

An access card is a secure identification tool used to allow or restrict entry into specific areas within a building or facility. It stores encrypted data that a reader can verify, ensuring only authorized individuals can pass through secured doors, gates, or systems. 

Access Control Panel

An access control panel is the central unit that manages and controls all access points within a security system. It processes data from devices like card readers, biometric machines, keypads, and sensors to decide whether to grant or deny entry. Acting as the “brain” of the system, it ensures that only authorized users can access specific areas based on predefined permissions.

Access Control Reader

An access control reader is a device that verifies a user’s identity before granting entry to a secured area. It reads credentials from access cards, key fobs, or biometric inputs and sends the information to the access control panel for authentication. These readers are placed at entry points such as doors, gates, and turnstiles to ensure only authorized individuals can pass.

Access Level

An access level is a predefined set of permissions that determines what a user can or cannot access within a secured system or facility. It defines the areas, doors, or resources an individual is allowed to use based on their role, authorization, or responsibilities. Access levels help ensure that sensitive zones remain restricted to only those who genuinely need entry.

ACK Signal

An ACK signal (Acknowledgement signal) is a communication response used in digital systems and networks to confirm that a data packet, command, or message has been successfully received. When one device sends information to another, the receiving device replies with an ACK signal to indicate that the transmission arrived without errors. This helps maintain reliable communication between interconnected devices.

Address Setting Tool

An address setting tool is a device used to assign or modify the unique digital address of an addressable component within a security or safety system. It ensures that each detector, module, or sensor receives a specific identifier so the main control panel can recognize and communicate with it accurately. This tool is essential for configuring new devices or updating existing ones during installation or maintenance.

Addressable Device

An addressable device is a component in a security or safety system that carries a unique digital address, allowing the control panel to identify it individually. Unlike conventional devices, which operate in groups, addressable devices communicate specific information—such as status, alerts, or faults—directly to the system. This makes monitoring more precise and troubleshooting much easier. 

AI Camera

An AI camera is an advanced imaging device equipped with artificial intelligence to analyze and interpret visual data in real time. Unlike traditional cameras that only capture footage, AI cameras can detect faces, recognize objects, track movement, and identify unusual activities using built-in algorithms. This makes them highly effective for security, monitoring, automation, and analytics.

Alarm Circuit

An alarm circuit is an electrical pathway designed to detect abnormal conditions—such as intrusion, fire, or system faults—and trigger an alert when activated. It connects sensors, detectors, sirens, and control panels to create a responsive safety network. When a sensor identifies a threat, the alarm circuit processes the signal and initiates an audible or visual warning.

Alarm Event

An alarm event is a system-generated alert that occurs when a sensor or device detects an abnormal or potentially dangerous condition, such as unauthorized entry, fire, motion, or equipment malfunction. Once triggered, the event is recorded by the control panel, which may activate sirens, send notifications, or initiate automated safety actions.

Amplifier

An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the strength of a weak signal without changing its original quality. It takes a small input signal, such as sound, radio waves, or electrical pulses, and boosts its power so it can drive speakers, antennas, or other output equipment more effectively. Amplifiers are commonly found in audio systems, musical instruments, communication devices, and home entertainment setups.

Analog Camera

An analog camera is a traditional CCTV camera that captures video and sends the footage as an analog signal through a coaxial cable to a DVR. These cameras use standard imaging sensors to record what they see and rely on the DVR to convert the signal into a digital format for viewing, storage, and playback. They are widely used in homes, shops, and offices for basic surveillance needs.

Anomaly Alert

An anomaly alert is a notification triggered when a system detects unusual or unexpected activity that does not match normal patterns. It is commonly used in security systems, monitoring tools, and smart devices to identify events like sudden movements, abnormal temperature changes, or irregular user behavior. These alerts help detect issues early and improve overall safety.

Back Box

A back box is a protective enclosure installed behind electrical switches, sockets, and other wall-mounted devices. It provides a safe space to hold wiring, prevent electrical hazards, and keep connections organized. Back boxes can be made of metal or plastic and are fitted inside walls to support and secure electrical fixtures properly.

Backplane

A backplane is a circuit board that connects multiple electronic modules or devices in a system. It works like a central backbone, allowing different components—such as processors, power units, or communication cards—to plug in and share data. Backplanes are commonly used in servers, industrial machines, and security systems for stable and organized connections.

Backup Battery

A backup battery is a power source that keeps devices running when the main electricity supply fails. It provides immediate power to important equipment such as security systems, routers, alarms, and medical devices. Backup batteries help prevent interruptions, data loss, and system shutdowns during power cuts or emergencies.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth refers to the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted over a network connection in a given time. It is usually measured in bits per second (bps). Higher bandwidth means more data can move at once, resulting in faster loading, smoother streaming, and better performance for connected devices.

Barcode Label

A barcode label is a printed tag that contains a barcode and related information in a machine-readable form. It is used to identify products, track items, and manage inventory. Barcode labels are commonly seen on retail goods, cartons, and equipment, allowing quick scanning and accurate data entry.

Beam Detector

A beam detector is a security sensor used to detect movement or intrusion by using infrared or laser beams. It works by transmitting a straight beam from a transmitter to a receiver. When an object or person crosses the beam and breaks the signal, the system immediately triggers an alarm or alert.

Biometric Scanner

A biometric scanner is a security device that identifies and verifies a person using unique physical or behavioral traits. Common types include fingerprint scanners, face recognition, iris scanners, and voice recognition systems. These features are unique to each individual, making biometric scanners more secure than passwords or ID cards.

BOQ (Bill of Quantities)

A BOQ, or Bill of Quantities, is a detailed document that lists all materials, labor, and services required for an installation project. It includes item descriptions, quantities, specifications, and sometimes estimated costs. A BOQ helps contractors, suppliers, and clients clearly understand the project scope.

Branch Circuit

A branch circuit is a part of an electrical wiring system that carries power from a distribution board to specific outlets, lights, or equipment. It is the final link between the main power source and electrical devices. Each branch circuit is protected by a circuit breaker or fuse for safety.

Break Glass Unit

A break-glass unit is a device used in intrusion and security systems to trigger an immediate alarm if it detects a glass break in windows or doors. It is usually installed near exits or high-risk areas. When the glass is broken or pressed, the alarm system is activated instantly to signal an intrusion or emergency.

Bullet Camera

A bullet camera is a type of CCTV camera known for its long, cylindrical shape and strong outdoor performance. It is designed to monitor specific areas such as entrances, parking lots, corridors, and boundaries. Bullet cameras are usually weatherproof and suitable for both day and night surveillance.

Bus Topology

Bus topology is a network layout where all devices are connected to a single central cable called the bus. Data sent by one device travels along this main cable and is received by all connected devices. It is one of the simplest and most cost-effective network designs.

Cable Gland

A cable gland is a mechanical fitting used to securely attach and seal electrical cables when they enter equipment or enclosures. It protects cables from pulling, twisting, dust, moisture, and vibration. Cable glands also help maintain proper grounding and strain relief, improving overall safety.

Card Reader

A card reader is an electronic device used to read data stored on access cards such as RFID, proximity, or smart cards. It is commonly used in access control systems to allow or restrict entry to secured areas. When a valid card is scanned, the reader sends a signal to unlock doors or activate systems.

Ceiling Speaker

A ceiling speaker is an audio device installed in ceilings to play sound evenly across a room. It is commonly used for public address systems, background music, and announcements in offices, malls, airports, and schools. Ceiling speakers save space and provide a clean, professional look.

Channel (DVR/NVR)

In a DVR (Digital Video Recorder) or NVR (Network Video Recorder), a channel refers to a single input or connection point used to connect one camera to the recording system. Each channel supports one camera stream, meaning a 4-channel DVR or NVR can connect and manage up to four cameras, while a 16-channel system supports sixteen cameras. Channels are an important factor when planning a surveillance setup.

Circuit Breaker (CB)

A circuit breaker (CB) is an electrical safety device designed to protect wiring, equipment, and people from damage caused by overloads, short circuits, or electrical faults. It automatically interrupts the flow of electricity when it detects unsafe current levels. Unlike fuses, circuit breakers can be reset after tripping, making them reusable and convenient for ongoing protection in electrical systems.

Cloud Storage

Cloud storage is a digital method of storing data on remote internet-based servers instead of local devices like hard drives or memory cards. It allows users to upload, save, and access files such as videos, images, documents, and backups from anywhere using an internet connection. In security systems, cloud storage is often used to save CCTV footage safely off-site.

CMS (Central Monitoring System)

A Central Monitoring System (CMS) is a centralized platform used to monitor, control, and manage multiple security or operational systems from one location. It collects data from different devices such as CCTV cameras, alarms, access control systems, fire sensors, and intrusion detection equipment. The CMS displays all information on a single dashboard, making it easier for operators to track activities in real time and respond quickly to alerts or incidents.

CMS Client

A CMS Client is a software application used to access and operate a Central Monitoring System (CMS) from a computer or mobile device. It acts as the user interface that allows operators to view live video, receive alerts, manage alarms, and control connected security systems such as CCTV cameras, access control units, and intrusion sensors. The CMS client connects to the central server over a network.

Communication Module

A communication module is an electronic component that enables devices to send and receive data with other systems or networks. It acts as a link between equipment such as sensors, controllers, cameras, or alarms and a central monitoring system or server. Communication modules can use different technologies, including Ethernet, Wi-Fi, GSM, 4G/5G, RS485, or Bluetooth, depending on the application.

Conduit

A conduit is a protective tube or channel used to route and safeguard electrical wires and cables. It helps prevent damage from moisture, heat, dust, chemicals, and physical impact. Conduits are commonly installed in walls, ceilings, floors, and underground to keep wiring organized and secure. They are made from materials such as PVC, metal, or flexible plastic, depending on the installation requirements.

Contact Sensor

A contact sensor is a basic but crucial device used in security and intrusion detection systems. It consists of two parts: a magnet and a sensor switch. These parts are installed on doors, windows, or gates. When the door or window is closed, the magnet keeps the sensor circuit complete. When it is opened, the circuit breaks and sends an alert signal.

Control Panel

A control panel is a central unit used to manage, monitor, and control electrical or electronic systems. It receives signals from connected devices such as sensors, switches, alarms, cameras, or machines and processes the information to take required actions. Control panels are widely used in security systems, industrial automation, fire alarms, and building management systems.

Controller (Access Control)

An access controller is the main decision-making unit in an access control system. It receives data from input devices such as card readers, biometric scanners, keypads, or fire alarms and checks this information against programmed access rules. Based on this verification, the controller decides whether to grant or deny access and then sends commands to door locks, turnstiles, or exit devices.

Coverage Area

Coverage area refers to the physical space or zone that a security device, network system, or signal can effectively monitor or reach. In surveillance systems, it means the area a camera can clearly view and record. For sensors and alarms, the coverage area indicates the range within which movement or intrusion can be detected. In networking, it describes how far a Wi-Fi signal or access point can provide a stable connection.

Covert Camera

A covert camera is a hidden surveillance camera designed to record video without being easily noticed. It is often disguised as everyday objects such as smoke detectors, clocks, routers, or wall fixtures. Covert cameras are used to monitor areas discreetly where visible cameras might be avoided or tampered with. They help capture natural behavior without alerting people to the presence of surveillance.

Data Switch

A data switch, also known as a network switch, is a device used to connect multiple computers, cameras, servers, and other network-enabled equipment within a local area network (LAN). It receives data packets from one device and intelligently forwards them to the correct destination device. This helps ensure fast, organized, and secure data communication between connected systems.

Decibel (dB)

A decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement used to express sound level, signal strength, or power intensity on a logarithmic scale. Instead of measuring absolute values, it compares one level to a reference level. Because sound and signal ranges are very wide, the decibel scale makes these measurements easier to understand and manage. A small change in dB can represent a large change in actual power or loudness.

Detector Base

A detector base is a mounting and connection unit used in fire alarm and detection systems to hold and support detectors, such as smoke or heat detectors. It is fixed to the ceiling or wall, and the detector is then plugged or twisted into the base. The detector base provides electrical connections between the detector and the control panel wiring.

Device ID

A device ID is a unique identification code assigned to a specific electronic device within a system or network. It helps distinguish one device from another, even if multiple devices are of the same type or model. Device IDs are commonly used in security systems, networking equipment, IoT devices, and software platforms to track, manage, and communicate with each device correctly.

DFMD

A DFMD, or Door Frame Metal Detector, is a security screening device used to detect metal objects as people pass through it. It is commonly installed at entrances of airports, malls, offices, event venues, courts, and government buildings. The device works by generating an electromagnetic field inside the frame. When a person carrying metal passes through, the field is disturbed, and the system triggers an audio or visual alert.

Dome Camera

A dome camera is a type of CCTV camera enclosed in a dome-shaped protective cover. It is commonly mounted on ceilings and is used for indoor as well as outdoor surveillance. The dome design makes it difficult for people to see which direction the camera is facing, adding to security. Dome cameras are often vandal-resistant and blend well with modern interiors.

Door Contact

A door contact is a small security sensor designed to detect when a door is opened or closed. It consists of two parts: a magnetic switch mounted on the door frame and a magnet attached to the door. When the door is shut, the magnet keeps the switch closed. When the door opens, the magnet moves away, breaking the circuit and sending an alert to the security system.

Door Strike

A door strike, also known as an electric strike, is an access control device installed on a door frame to manage and control entry. It works with door locks, card readers, keypads, or biometric systems. When the access system verifies an authorized user, the door strike releases the latch, allowing the door to open without manually turning the lock. When locked, it keeps the door securely closed.

Download Report

A download report is a generated document that provides detailed information about the data, events, or activities recorded within a system. In security and monitoring platforms, it may include logs of user actions, alarm events, camera recordings, access history, device status, or system performance. The report is exported in formats like PDF, Excel, or CSV so users can save, share, or analyze the information later.

DVR

A DVR, or Digital Video Recorder, is a device used to record and store video footage from analog CCTV cameras. It receives video signals through coaxial cables, processes them, and saves the recordings onto a hard drive for later playback. DVRs often include features such as motion detection, remote viewing, scheduled recording, and event-based alerts to make monitoring easier and more efficient.

Edge Analytics

Edge analytics refers to the process of analyzing data directly at the source of generation—such as cameras, sensors, or IoT devices—rather than sending all data to a central server or cloud. In security systems, edge analytics allows cameras to detect motion, recognize faces, identify objects, count people, and track activities in real time. This reduces bandwidth usage and improves response speed because only important events are sent to the monitoring system.

Electrical Panel

An electrical panel, also known as a distribution board or breaker panel, is the central point where electricity from the main power supply is divided and distributed to different circuits in a building. It houses important components such as circuit breakers, fuses, busbars, and switches that control and protect electrical loads. The panel ensures that power is delivered safely to lighting, appliances, machines, and other electrical devices.

EM Lock

An EM lock, or electromagnetic lock, is an access control device that uses magnetic force to secure a door. It consists of an electromagnet installed on the door frame and a metal armature plate fixed on the door. When power is supplied, the magnet creates a strong magnetic bond that keeps the door locked. When access is granted or power is cut, the magnetic force releases, allowing the door to open.

Emergency Light

An emergency light is a safety device designed to provide illumination automatically when the main power supply fails. It is commonly installed in staircases, corridors, exits, lifts, and other escape routes to guide people safely during emergencies such as power outages, fires, or earthquakes. Emergency lights typically include rechargeable batteries that keep the light functioning for a specific duration once power is lost.

Emergency Microphone

An emergency microphone is a communication device used in public address and emergency announcement systems to deliver important messages during critical situations. It allows authorized personnel to speak directly to occupants of a building or facility, ensuring that instructions are heard clearly in real time. The microphone is usually connected to an amplifier or control panel, enabling announcements to reach speakers installed across various zones.

End-of-Line Resistor

An End-of-Line (EOL) resistor is a small electrical component used in alarm and security systems to monitor the integrity of wiring between sensors and the control panel. It is installed at the end of a circuit, usually inside the final device, to ensure the system can detect faults such as tampering, short circuits, or cable cuts. The resistor creates a constant electrical value that the panel continuously checks.

Ethernet Cable

An Ethernet cable is a networking cable used to connect devices like computers, routers, switches, and IP cameras to create a wired network. It carries data signals in the form of electrical pulses, allowing devices to communicate at high speeds with low interference. Common types include Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6A, each offering different bandwidth and speed capabilities to support various network requirements.

Event Log

An event log is a recorded list of system activities, alerts, and actions generated by devices such as access control panels, CCTV systems, alarm units, and servers. It stores information like login attempts, door openings, alarm triggers, motion detections, device errors, and configuration changes. Each entry is stamped with date and time, helping users track exactly when an event occurred.

Face Recognition Terminal

A face recognition terminal is an advanced access control device that identifies individuals by analyzing their facial features. It uses cameras and AI algorithms to capture and compare a person’s face with stored data, allowing quick and contactless authentication. These terminals work in various lighting conditions and can detect faces even when people are moving, making them reliable for high-traffic areas.

Fail Safe Lock

A fail safe lock is an access control locking device designed to unlock automatically when power is lost. It remains locked only when electricity is supplied. This type of lock is typically used in areas where safety and emergency evacuation are priorities, such as office buildings, hospitals, schools, and public facilities. During a power failure, fire alarm activation, or emergency situation, the lock releases to allow people to exit safely.

Fail Secure Lock

A fail secure lock is an access control device that stays locked when power is lost and unlocks only when electricity is applied. This ensures the door remains secure during outages, preventing unauthorized access. Such locks are used in high-security areas like server rooms, data centers, laboratories, and restricted storage spaces where protection is a priority.

False Alarm

A false alarm is an incorrect or unintended alert triggered by a security, fire, or monitoring system when no real threat or emergency exists. It can occur due to sensor malfunction, environmental factors like dust or insects, improper installation, power fluctuations, or accidental activation by users. False alarms interrupt normal operations, cause unnecessary panic, and may lead to wasted time and resources for security teams or emergency responders.

Fiber Optic Cable

A fiber optic cable is a high-speed communication cable that uses thin strands of glass or plastic fibers to transmit data as pulses of light instead of electrical signals. This allows data to travel much faster, over longer distances, and with minimal signal loss. Fiber optic cables are immune to electromagnetic interference, making them more reliable than traditional copper cables in noisy or industrial environments.

Field of View

Field of View refers to the area or width that a camera, sensor, or optical device can capture or observe at one time. In surveillance systems, FOV determines how much of a scene will be visible in a single frame. A wider field of view allows the camera to cover larger spaces, while a narrower field of view focuses more closely on specific details or distant objects.

Fire Alarm Panel

A fire alarm panel, also known as a fire control panel or FACP, is the central unit that monitors and manages all fire detection devices in a building. It receives signals from smoke detectors, heat detectors, manual call points, and sprinkler systems. When a potential fire is detected, the panel triggers alarms, activates notification devices, and sends alerts to emergency responders or monitoring stations.

Fire Detector

A fire detector is a safety device designed to sense early signs of fire and send alerts to a fire alarm panel or warning system. It detects indicators such as smoke, heat, or flames, depending on the type of detector used. Common types include smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, and multi-sensor detectors. When triggered, the device helps warn occupants, allowing quick evacuation and early response to prevent damage.

Flame Detector

A flame detector is a specialized fire detection device designed to identify the presence of open flames by sensing light wavelengths produced during combustion. Unlike smoke or heat detectors, it reacts directly to the ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), or combined UV/IR radiation emitted by a flame. This allows flame detectors to respond extremely quickly, even in large or open spaces where smoke may take time to accumulate.

Gateway

A gateway is a networking device that connects two different networks and allows them to communicate with each other. It acts as a bridge between systems that use different protocols, formats, or architectures. In security and automation environments, a gateway helps link devices like sensors, controllers, cameras, and cloud platforms so they can share data smoothly. It translates information from one network type to another, ensuring that all connected devices understand the exchanged data.

Glass Break Sensor

A glass break sensor is a security device designed to detect the sound or vibration caused when glass is broken. It helps identify forced entry attempts through windows, glass doors, or display cabinets. There are two main types: acoustic sensors, which listen for the specific frequency of breaking glass, and shock sensors, which detect vibrations on the glass surface. When triggered, the sensor sends an alert to the alarm system.

GPRS Module

A GPRS module is a communication device that uses General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology to send and receive data over mobile networks. It allows equipment such as alarm panels, GPS trackers, meters, and IoT devices to stay connected even without Wi-Fi or wired internet. By inserting a SIM card, the module can transmit alerts, status updates, logs, or location data to servers or monitoring centers.

Ground Loop Isolator

A ground loop isolator is an electronic device used to eliminate noise, interference, or hum caused by grounding issues in audio, video, and security systems. Ground loops occur when multiple devices in a system share different grounding points, creating unwanted electrical currents. These currents introduce visible distortions in CCTV video or audible buzzing in audio equipment. A ground loop isolator breaks this unwanted loop by separating the electrical grounds while still allowing a clean signal flow.

Group Call

A group call is a communication feature that allows multiple users to speak and listen together in a single shared audio session. Instead of connecting two people like a normal call, a group call links several participants at the same time, enabling team discussions, announcements, or emergency coordination. Group calls can be made through intercom systems, public address systems, two-way radios, VoIP platforms, or mobile communication apps, depending on the setup.

Hard Disk Drive

A Hard Disk Drive, or HDD, is a storage device used to save and retrieve digital data in computers, DVRs, NVRs, and other electronic systems. It contains spinning magnetic disks and a read/write head that stores information such as videos, images, documents, and software. HDDs are commonly used in surveillance systems to record and store CCTV footage for long periods. They come in different capacities, speeds, and sizes depending on the requirement.

Heat Detector

A heat detector is a fire detection device that responds to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes in an environment. Unlike smoke detectors, it does not sense smoke but activates when the air temperature reaches a preset level or rises rapidly. There are two main types: fixed-temperature detectors, which trigger at a specific heat point, and rate-of-rise detectors, which react to quick increases in heat. These detectors are essential in areas where smoke detectors may give false alarms.

Horn/Strobe

A horn or strobe is a fire and emergency notification device that uses both sound and light to alert people during dangerous situations. The horn produces a loud alarm tone that can be heard over long distances, while the strobe flashes bright, attention-grabbing light signals. This combination ensures that people with hearing impairments, as well as those in noisy environments, can still notice the warning. Horn/strobes are typically activated by fire alarm panels or emergency systems.

Hub

A hub is a basic networking device used to connect multiple computers, cameras, or other network-enabled devices within a small network. It works by receiving data from one device and broadcasting it to all other connected devices, instead of directing it to a specific destination. Because of this, hubs are simple to use but less efficient than switches, which handle data more intelligently.

ID Card

An ID card, or identification card, is an official document used to confirm a person’s identity in everyday activities. It usually includes key details such as the holder’s name, photograph, signature, and a unique identification number. Many ID cards also come with security features like barcodes, magnetic strips, or RFID chips to ensure authenticity and prevent misuse.

Illumination (Lux)

Illumination (Lux) refers to the amount of light that falls on a surface. It helps measure how bright an area is and shows whether the lighting is enough for tasks like reading, working, or ensuring safety in a space. Higher lux levels mean more brightness, while lower levels indicate dim lighting.

Induction Loop

An induction loop is a communication system that helps people with hearing aids receive sound more clearly. It works by creating a magnetic field that sends audio signals directly to the hearing aid, reducing background noise and improving clarity. This makes it easier for users to hear announcements, conversations, or presentations in busy or noisy places.

Ingress Protection Rating

The Ingress Protection (IP) Rating is a standardized system used to define how well a device is protected against dust, dirt, and water. It consists of two digits: the first indicates protection against solid particles, while the second shows resistance to moisture or water. Higher numbers represent stronger protection levels, helping users understand where the device can be safely installed.

Integration Module

An integration module is a component used to connect different systems, devices, or software platforms so they can work together smoothly. It helps transfer data, trigger actions, and synchronize operations without manual intervention. By acting as a bridge, it ensures that each connected system communicates effectively and functions as part of a unified setup.

Intrusion Alarm Panel

An intrusion alarm panel is the central control unit of a security system that monitors sensors, detectors, and entry points for any unauthorized activity. It processes signals from connected devices and immediately triggers alarms or notifications when it detects suspicious movement or a breach. The panel also allows users to arm, disarm, and manage system settings with ease.

IR Illuminator

An IR illuminator is a device that emits infrared light to improve visibility for cameras in low-light or complete darkness. Although the light is invisible to the human eye, security cameras equipped with IR sensors can capture clear images and video using this illumination. This helps maintain effective monitoring even at night or in poorly lit environments.

IR LED

An IR LED (Infrared Light-Emitting Diode) is a small electronic component that emits infrared light, which is invisible to the human eye but detectable by sensors and cameras. It is widely used in night-vision cameras, remote controls, motion detectors, and other security or automation devices. IR LEDs help these systems operate effectively in dark or low-light conditions.

Jitter

Jitter refers to small, rapid, and unintended variations in the timing of a signal as it travels through a network or communication system. These timing fluctuations can affect how smoothly data is transmitted, causing delays, distortions, or reduced performance. Jitter is often measured in milliseconds and is a key factor in evaluating network quality and stability.

Junction Box

A junction box is an enclosure used to safely house electrical connections, wires, and terminals. It protects these components from dust, moisture, and accidental contact, reducing the risk of electrical hazards. By keeping wiring organized and secure, a junction box ensures reliable power distribution and simplifies maintenance or troubleshooting.

Keypad

A keypad is an input device made up of a set of buttons or keys that allow users to enter numbers, letters, or commands into a system. It is commonly used in security panels, access control systems, ATMs, and electronic devices. Keypads provide a simple and reliable way to interact with machines, authenticate users, or control operations.

Keytag

A keytag is a small, portable identification device used in access control systems to grant or restrict entry. It typically contains an embedded RFID or proximity chip that communicates with a reader when brought near it. This allows users to unlock doors or access secure areas without needing physical keys or entering passwords.

LAN

A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that connects computers, devices, and systems within a limited area, such as a home, office, school, or building. It enables users to share data, access common resources, and communicate efficiently through wired or wireless connections. LANs are known for their high speed, low latency, and secure data transfer within a confined space.

Laser Detector

A laser detector is a sensing device that uses laser beams to detect movement, measure distance, or identify the presence of an object within a monitored area. When the laser beam is interrupted or reflected differently, the detector triggers an alert or sends a signal to the connected system. This allows for precise and highly reliable detection with minimal false alarms.

LED Indicator

An LED indicator is a small light component used to show the status of a device or system through visual signals. It typically displays different colors or blinking patterns to indicate conditions such as power on/off, faults, connectivity, or operational modes. LED indicators are energy-efficient, long-lasting, and easy to recognize, making them ideal for quick status checks.

Loop Fault

A loop fault is an issue that occurs in a closed-loop system, such as a fire alarm or security network, when a break, short circuit, or wiring problem disrupts communication between devices. This interruption prevents signals from traveling properly through the loop, which can delay or block critical alerts. Detecting loop faults early is essential to maintain safety and system reliability.

LPR (License Plate Recognition)

LPR (License Plate Recognition) is a technology that uses cameras and software to automatically read and identify vehicle license plates. It works by capturing images of passing vehicles, extracting the plate details, and converting them into readable text for further processing. This helps automate tasks like vehicle tracking, access control, and record management without manual checks.

Magnetic Lock

A magnetic lock, also known as a maglock, is an access control device that uses an electromagnet and an armature plate to secure a door. When powered, the magnet creates a strong holding force that keeps the door locked, and it releases instantly when power is cut or an access signal is received. This makes magnetic locks highly reliable and easy to operate.

Manual Call Point           

A manual call point (MCP) is a safety device used in fire alarm systems that allows people to raise an alarm by manually pressing or breaking a glass element. When activated, it sends an immediate signal to the fire alarm control panel, alerting occupants and initiating emergency procedures. This ensures a quick response during fire or emergency situations.

MCB

An MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) is an automatic electrical switch designed to protect a circuit from damage caused by overloads or short circuits. When it detects excessive current flow, it quickly trips and disconnects the electrical supply, preventing overheating, fire hazards, and equipment damage. MCBs are more reliable and safer than traditional fuses because they can be reset easily after a fault is cleared.

MCCB

An MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker) is a protective electrical device used to safeguard circuits from overloads, short circuits, and other abnormal conditions. It offers adjustable trip settings, allowing it to handle higher current ratings compared to an MCB. When a fault occurs, the MCCB quickly disconnects the power to prevent equipment damage, fire risks, and electrical failures.

Metal Enclosure

A metal enclosure is a protective housing made of steel, aluminum, or other metals used to safeguard electrical components, circuits, and devices. It shields the internal equipment from dust, moisture, physical impact, and environmental hazards, ensuring safe and reliable operation. Metal enclosures also help manage heat and reduce electromagnetic interference.

Motion Detector                          

A motion detector is a sensor used to identify movement within a specific area and send a signal to a connected system when activity is detected. It works using technologies such as infrared, microwave, or dual sensing to recognize changes in heat or motion. When triggered, it can activate alarms, lights, cameras, or other automated responses to enhance security and awareness.

Multi-Sensor Detector

A multi-sensor detector is a safety device that uses two or more sensing technologies—such as smoke, heat, and carbon monoxide detection—to identify potential fire or hazardous conditions more accurately. By analyzing multiple inputs, it reduces false alarms and provides faster, more reliable detection compared to single-sensor devices.

Multicore Cable

A multicore cable is an electrical cable that contains two or more insulated conductors within a single outer sheath. Each core carries its own signal or power, allowing multiple connections to run through one compact cable. This design helps reduce clutter, improve organization, and simplify installation in various electrical and communication systems.

Network Topology

Network topology refers to the structural layout of how devices, cables, and communication links are arranged within a network. It describes the pattern in which computers, servers, switches, and other network components are connected and how data flows between them. Common topologies include star, bus, ring, mesh, and hybrid—each offering different levels of performance, reliability, and scalability.

Notification Appliance

A notification appliance is a device used in fire alarm and emergency systems to alert occupants of a building about a hazard or evacuation need. It provides audible or visual signals—such as sirens, horns, bells, strobes, or voice messages—to ensure people receive clear and timely warnings. These appliances activate automatically when triggered by the fire alarm control panel.

NVR

An NVR (Network Video Recorder) is a device used to record, store, and manage video footage from IP cameras over a network. It receives digital video streams directly from the cameras, ensuring high-quality recording without the need for analog conversion. NVRs also support features like remote viewing, playback, motion detection alerts, and video analytics.

NVR (No-Volt Release)

An NVR (No-Volt Release) is a safety device used in electrical equipment to prevent machinery from restarting automatically after a power failure. When the power supply is interrupted, the NVR mechanism disconnects the circuit, ensuring the machine remains off even when power is restored. This protects users from unexpected restarts that could cause accidents or equipment damage.

Occupancy Sensor

An occupancy sensor is a device that detects the presence or absence of people in a space and automatically controls lighting, HVAC systems, or security functions. It uses technologies such as passive infrared (PIR), ultrasonic, or microwave sensing to monitor movement or body heat. When occupancy is detected, the sensor activates connected systems, and when the area is vacant, it turns them off to save energy.

Optical Smoke Detector

An optical smoke detector is a fire safety device that uses a light-based sensing method to identify the presence of smoke particles in the air. Inside the detector, an LED emits light into a sensing chamber; when smoke enters, it scatters the light, triggering the alarm. This method allows for fast and accurate detection, especially for slow-smoldering fires.

Outdoor Camera

An outdoor camera is a surveillance device designed to monitor exterior areas such as entrances, driveways, parking lots, and building perimeters. It is built with weatherproof housing to withstand rain, dust, heat, and other harsh conditions. Outdoor cameras often include features like night vision, motion detection, high-resolution video, and wide dynamic range to capture clear footage in various lighting environments.

PA System

A PA system (Public Address System) is an audio setup used to amplify sound so it can be heard clearly across large or crowded areas. It typically includes microphones, amplifiers, mixers, and loudspeakers that work together to deliver announcements, alerts, music, or emergency messages. PA systems ensure that important information reaches everyone quickly and clearly.

Panic Button

A panic button is an emergency device that allows users to quickly send a distress signal when they feel threatened or need immediate assistance. With a single press, it alerts security teams, monitoring centers, or emergency responders, enabling fast action during critical situations. Panic buttons can be wired, wireless, or integrated into mobile apps and security systems.

Patch Panel

A patch panel is a structured networking device used to organize, connect, and manage multiple cables within a communication system. It serves as a central termination point where network cables from different devices are plugged in, making it easier to route, rearrange, or troubleshoot connections. Patch panels help maintain a clean, organized, and scalable network setup.

PCB

A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is a flat board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components through conductive pathways, pads, and tracks. These pathways are etched onto layers of insulating material, allowing components such as resistors, capacitors, and microchips to function together in a compact and organized layout. PCBs provide stability, reliability, and efficient circuit performance.

PoE Switch

A PoE switch (Power over Ethernet switch) is a network switch that provides both data connectivity and electrical power to devices through a single Ethernet cable. This eliminates the need for separate power adapters, making installation cleaner and more efficient. PoE switches are designed to power devices such as IP cameras, access points, VoIP phones, and IoT equipment.

Power Supply Unit

A power supply unit (PSU) is a device that converts electrical power from a source into the correct voltage and current needed to operate electronic equipment. It ensures stable and consistent power delivery, protecting devices from fluctuations that could cause damage or malfunction. PSUs can be designed for AC-to-DC or DC-to-DC conversion, depending on the application.

PTZ Camera

A PTZ camera (Pan-Tilt-Zoom camera) is a surveillance camera that can move horizontally (pan), vertically (tilt), and zoom in or out to capture detailed footage. These functions can be controlled manually by an operator or programmed to follow preset paths, making PTZ cameras ideal for monitoring large or dynamic areas. They provide flexible coverage and can focus on specific events or moving objects in real time.

Push Button Switch

A push-button switch is a simple control device that operates when pressed by a user to open or close an electrical circuit. It is commonly used to start or stop machines, trigger alarms, turn lights on or off, or activate specific functions in electronic systems. Push button switches are available in momentary or latching types, depending on whether they return to their original position automatically or stay engaged.

QR Code Login

A QR code login is an authentication method that allows users to sign in by scanning a QR code with their smartphone instead of entering a username and password. When the code is scanned, the system verifies the device and securely grants access to the account or application. This provides a fast, convenient, and password-free login experience.

Quad View

A quad view is a display mode that shows four video feeds on a single screen at the same time. It is commonly used in surveillance systems where operators need to monitor multiple camera angles or locations simultaneously without switching between individual views. This setup improves situational awareness and helps identify events happening across different areas more quickly.

Quotation Module

A quotation module is a software feature used to create, manage, and track price quotations for products or services. It allows businesses to generate accurate quotes quickly by pulling item details, pricing, taxes, and discounts directly from their database. The module streamlines the approval process, reduces manual errors, and ensures consistency across all customer proposals.

Rack Mount

A rack mount refers to equipment designed to be installed in a standard 19-inch or 23-inch server rack. These devices—such as servers, switches, UPS units, and audio/video gear—come with mounting brackets or rails that allow them to slide or screw securely into place. Rack-mountable equipment helps keep systems organized, accessible, and neatly arranged in vertical stacks.

Reader Module

A reader module is an electronic component used to read data from identification devices such as RFID cards, key tags, QR codes, or biometric inputs. It captures the information presented to it and sends it to a controller or software system for authentication or processing. Reader modules are designed to integrate easily with access control systems, attendance solutions, and various security applications.

Relay Module

A relay module is an electronic component that uses an electrically operated switch to control high-voltage or high-current devices using a low-power signal. It acts as an interface between microcontrollers, control panels, or automation systems and the equipment they operate, such as lights, motors, alarms, or pumps. When the control signal is received, the relay activates and opens or closes the connected circuit.

Repeater Panel

A repeater panel is an auxiliary control panel used in fire alarm and security systems to display alarms, faults, and system status in locations away from the main control panel. It mirrors the information from the central unit, allowing security teams, building staff, or emergency responders to monitor system activity from multiple points within a facility. Repeater panels do not control the system but provide visibility and quick awareness.

RFID Card

An RFID card (Radio Frequency Identification card) is a contactless identification device that uses radio waves to communicate with a reader. It contains a small chip and antenna that store data, allowing the card to transmit information when brought near an RFID reader. This enables quick and secure authentication without swiping or physical contact.

RJ45 Connector

An RJ45 connector is a standardized plug used to terminate Ethernet cables and connect network devices. It features eight metal pins that align with the wires inside a twisted-pair cable, ensuring stable and reliable data transmission. RJ45 connectors are essential for creating wired network connections for computers, routers, switches, and other network equipment.

Router

A router is a networking device that directs data between different networks, ensuring information reaches the correct destination. It connects devices such as computers, phones, and smart systems to the internet or to each other within a local network. Routers use IP addresses to manage traffic efficiently, helping multiple devices share a single internet connection without slowing down.

Siren

A siren is an audible alert device used to produce loud, attention-grabbing sound signals during emergencies or security events. It activates when triggered by alarm systems, warning occupants of situations such as intrusions, fire hazards, or equipment failures. Sirens are designed to be heard over long distances or in noisy environments, ensuring people are quickly alerted.

Smoke Detector

A smoke detector is a safety device that senses smoke particles in the air and triggers an alarm to warn occupants of a potential fire. It uses technologies such as optical (photoelectric) or ionization sensing to detect different types of smoke. When smoke is detected, the device emits a loud alarm, allowing people to take immediate action and evacuate safely.

SPD

An SPD (Surge Protection Device) is an electrical safety component designed to protect equipment from sudden voltage spikes or surges. These surges can occur due to lightning strikes, power fluctuations, or switching operations in the electrical grid. An SPD diverts excess voltage safely to the ground, preventing damage to sensitive devices connected to the system.

Speaker Grill

A speaker grill is a protective cover placed over the front of a speaker to shield its internal components from dust, debris, and physical damage. It is typically made from metal, plastic, or acoustic fabric that allows sound to pass through clearly while keeping the speaker cone safe. The grill also helps maintain the speaker’s appearance and prevents accidental contact with delicate parts.

Strobe Light

A strobe light is a signaling device that produces quick, repeated flashes of bright light to draw attention during emergencies or alert situations. It is often paired with alarm systems to provide a visual warning for fire, intrusion, or equipment faults. The intense, flashing light makes the signal noticeable even in noisy or crowded environments where sound alone may not be enough.

Surveillance Hard Drive

A surveillance hard drive is a specialized storage device designed to handle the continuous, high-volume recording required by CCTV and security systems. Unlike regular hard drives, it is built for 24/7 operation, supports multiple camera streams, and offers enhanced durability to withstand constant read–write cycles. This ensures smooth video capture without frame drops or interruptions.

Switchgear

A switchgear is a collection of electrical devices—such as circuit breakers, disconnect switches, fuses, and protective relays—used to control, protect, and isolate electrical equipment. It ensures the safe distribution of electrical power by interrupting faults, managing load flow, and preventing damage to systems during abnormal conditions. Switchgear helps maintain stability and protects both equipment and personnel.

Tamper Switch

A tamper switch is a security device used to detect unauthorized access or interference with equipment such as control panels, sensors, or enclosures. When someone tries to open, remove, or damage the protected device, the tamper switch triggers an alert or sends a signal to the security system. This helps prevent tampering, sabotage, or unnoticed manipulation of critical components.

Terminal Block

A terminal block is an electrical connector used to join, terminate, or distribute wires safely within an electrical system. It consists of an insulating body with metal contacts that hold conductors firmly using screws, clamps, or spring mechanisms. Terminal blocks eliminate the need for soldering and help keep wiring neat, secure, and well organized inside panels, equipment, and enclosures.

Thermal Camera

A thermal camera is an imaging device that detects infrared radiation emitted by objects and converts it into a visual image based on temperature differences. Instead of using visible light, it senses heat patterns, allowing users to see objects in complete darkness, smoke, fog, or low-visibility conditions. Thermal cameras display warmer areas as brighter or distinct colors, helping identify temperature variations accurately. They are commonly used in security, firefighting, electrical inspections, medical screening, and industrial maintenance.

Timer Switch

A timer switch is an electrical control device that automatically turns electrical equipment ON or OFF at preset times or after a defined duration. It helps manage power usage by controlling lighting, appliances, pumps, heaters, or other loads without manual operation. Timer switches can be mechanical or digital and may offer daily, weekly, or countdown-based scheduling options. They are commonly installed in homes, offices, industries, and outdoor lighting systems.

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits by electromagnetic induction. It works on alternating current (AC) and is mainly used to increase or decrease voltage levels without changing frequency. A transformer consists of primary and secondary windings wound around a magnetic core, which helps transfer energy efficiently. Transformers are essential in power generation, transmission, and distribution systems.

Uplink Port

An uplink port is a network interface used to connect one networking device to another higher-level device, such as a switch to a router, core switch, or network backbone. It is designed to handle higher data traffic compared to regular ports and helps extend network connectivity. Uplink ports are commonly found on switches, hubs, and access points, and they may support higher speeds like Gigabit or 10-Gigabit Ethernet.

UPS

A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is a backup power device that provides immediate electricity when the main power supply fails. It contains a battery, inverter, and control circuitry that ensure connected equipment continues to operate without interruption. UPS systems are commonly used for computers, servers, medical devices, security systems, and networking equipment. They also help regulate voltage by filtering spikes, surges, and electrical noise, protecting sensitive electronics.

User Access Level

A user access level defines the permissions and rights given to a user within a system, application, or security setup. It controls what actions a user can perform, such as viewing data, editing settings, operating devices, or managing other users. Access levels are usually assigned based on roles like administrator, supervisor, or standard user. This structure helps prevent unauthorized access and limits users to only the functions they need.

VDP

A VDP, or Video Door Phone, is a security and communication device that allows occupants to see and talk to visitors at an entry point before granting access. It typically includes an outdoor camera unit with a call button and an indoor display panel with audio and video support. VDP systems are widely used in homes, apartments, offices, and gated communities to improve entry-level security.

Video Analytics

Video analytics is a technology that uses software and artificial intelligence to analyze video footage and extract useful information automatically. It works with CCTV or IP cameras to detect events such as motion, intrusion, object movement, facial features, or unusual behavior without continuous human monitoring. By processing video data in real time or after recording, video analytics helps convert visual input into actionable insights.

Video Wall

A video wall is a large display system made by combining multiple screens to function as one unified visual surface. These screens work together to show high-resolution images, videos, or live data across a wide area. Video walls are commonly used in control rooms, shopping malls, airports, corporate offices, and event venues to display information clearly and attract attention.

Voice Evacuation System

A voice evacuation system is an emergency communication system that uses clear, pre-recorded, or live voice messages to guide people during emergencies such as fires, gas leaks, or security threats. It is integrated with fire alarm or public address systems and helps deliver instructions instead of only sirens or alarms. These systems are commonly installed in malls, hospitals, airports, offices, and large public buildings.

Walkie-Talkie

A walkie-talkie is a portable two-way radio communication device that allows users to talk to each other wirelessly over a short or medium distance. It works by transmitting and receiving radio signals on a selected frequency and usually operates with a push-to-talk button. Walkie-talkies are widely used in security services, construction sites, events, warehouses, and outdoor activities where quick communication is needed.

WAN

A WAN, or Wide Area Network, is a type of computer network that covers a large geographic area, such as cities, countries, or even continents. It connects multiple local area networks (LANs) using communication links like fiber optics, leased lines, satellites, or the Internet. The most common example of a WAN is the Internet, which links networks across the world.

WDR

WDR, or Wide Dynamic Range, is a technology used mainly in cameras to capture clear images in scenes with both very bright and very dark areas. It works by balancing light levels, combining multiple exposures, or adjusting image processing so that details are visible in shadows as well as highlights. WDR is commonly found in CCTV, IP cameras, and automotive cameras, where lighting conditions change frequently.

Wi-Fi Extender

A Wi-Fi extender is a networking device used to expand the coverage area of an existing wireless network. It works by receiving the Wi-Fi signal from the main router and rebroadcasting it to areas where the signal is weak or unavailable. Wi-Fi extenders are commonly used in homes, offices, and large buildings to improve connectivity in rooms, floors, or corners far from the router.

Zone Map

A zone map is a visual layout or diagram that shows different zones or areas within a building, site, or system. Each zone represents a specific location, such as rooms, floors, sections, or coverage areas connected to security, fire alarm, or monitoring systems. Zone maps are commonly used in fire panels, CCTV systems, access control, and building management systems to clearly identify where devices and events are located.

Zoom Lens

A zoom lens is an optical lens that allows users to change the focal length and adjust the field of view without moving the camera. It can zoom in to capture distant objects clearly or zoom out to cover a wider area. Zoom lenses are commonly used in CCTV cameras, photography, videography, and surveillance systems where flexible viewing is required.